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brassy ringlet
The brassy ringlets are a "species group" of ringlet butterflies in the genus ''Erebia''.〔Warren (1936)〕 Though closely related, their monophyly is not completely resolved. Still, the brassy ringlets are taxa similar to ''E. tyndarus'' – the Swiss Brassy Ringlet –, and in many cases certainly close relatives. A notable trait of their genus is an ability to adapt well to cold and somewhat arid habitat, like taiga or regions with Alpine climate. Optimal habitat in Eurasia, where most of the brassy ringlets are found, therefore occurs in two distinct belts – in the very north of the continent and in the Alpide belt – in interglacials, and in glacials in one periglacialic belt at lower altitude, in places interrupted by dry wasteland and deserts.〔Albre ''et al.'' (2008)〕
==Description==
Brassy ringlets are mid-sized members of their genus, with a length of 17–22 mm (roughly two-thirds to one inch).〔 Like their relatives, they have black eyespots on their forewings. The largest eyespots are placed, two on each side, near the wingtip, and have a white dot in the center; they are surrounded by a copper-colored patch that is lighter than the blackish-brown upperwings. In some, a third black spot, much smaller and without the white dot, is present at the opposite end of the reddish patch. The hindwings have no black spots in many, but in some taxa there are a few (2-4 or so) black dots, usually without white in the center, paralleling the outer margin. If hindwing spots are present, they are sometimes surrounded by a lighter brown field like the forewing spots, sometimes not. The wing undersides are cryptically colored, usually in greyish-brown and often with a noticeable band arching through the central hindwing, the rest of which has a silvery sheen which makes these species quite recognizable in flight.〔 The eyespots and the forewing patch surrounding them are found on the forewing undersides also; if a hindwind pattern is present, it may or may not show up on the under hindwings either whole or in parts. The common name derives from the brassy lustre of the dark wing uppersides.〔 The valvae have a series of external spines pointing distally, with the first spine pair usually being largest.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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